Which type of paralysis affects both the trunk and upper extremities?

The correct answer focuses on quadriplegia, which is characterized by paralysis that affects all four limbs—both upper and lower extremities—along with the trunk. This condition results from an injury or illness that impacts the spinal cord in the cervical region, leading to significant impairments in movement and sensation. Individuals with quadriplegia may have varying degrees of paralysis, but the overriding factor is that both the trunk and upper extremities are involved, making it distinct from other forms of paralysis.

In contrast, other options specify different areas of paralysis. For instance, paraplegia affects only the lower limbs and is generally a result of spinal cord injuries in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions. Hemiplegia affects one side of the body, resulting in paralysis of the arm and leg on that side due to brain injury or neurological conditions. Aphasia pertains to language and speech difficulties, rather than physical paralysis. Understanding the specific characteristics of each type of paralysis clarifies why quadriplegia is the answer that best fits the criteria of affecting both the trunk and upper extremities.