Which procedure is specifically referred to as castration in males?

The procedure referred to as castration in males is orchiectomy. This surgical procedure involves the removal of one or both testicles, effectively leading to the cessation of testosterone production and reproductive capability. While "castration" is a general term that indicates the removal of the testicles, orchiectomy provides the specific medical terminology for the surgical process.

Both "orchidectomy" and "orchiectomy" are terms often used interchangeably, as "orchidectomy" is essentially another spelling of "orchiectomy". However, in formal medical documentation, "orchiectomy" is the more precise and widely accepted term. A vasectomy, on the other hand, is a different procedure involving the cutting or blocking of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering the ejaculate, which does not entail the removal of the testicles and thus does not classify as castration.

In summary, orchiectomy is specifically recognized as the surgical procedure that defines male castration, making it the correct choice for this question.