Which part of the eye is responsible for fine vision and color perception?

The part of the eye responsible for fine vision and color perception is the cones. Cones are photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are sensitive to bright light and enable detailed vision and color discrimination. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light, allowing humans to see a wide range of colors.

In contrast, rods, which are also photoreceptors, are more sensitive to low light levels but do not contribute to color vision; they provide peripheral and night vision. The pupil is the opening that allows light to enter the eye, and the iris is the colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil in response to light conditions. Neither the pupil nor the iris is directly involved in the processes of fine vision or color perception.