Which part of the brain controls blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration?

The medulla is the part of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating involuntary functions, including blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. It is located in the brainstem, which connects the brain to the spinal cord. The medulla contains vital centers for autonomic functions; for example, it houses the cardiac center, which influences the heart rate and blood vessel diameter, and the respiratory centers, which control the rhythm and depth of breathing.

Understanding the medulla's function is essential in the context of overall brain function and how it maintains homeostasis within the body. It continuously monitors and adjusts these vital functions to ensure that the body responds appropriately to various stimuli and maintains stable internal conditions, particularly during stress or physical activity.