Which of the following conditions is associated with total paralysis of the upper and lower limbs?

The condition associated with total paralysis of both the upper and lower limbs is quadriplegia. This results from an injury or illness that disrupts the communication between the brain and the body, most commonly affecting the spinal cord at the cervical level. Quadriplegia, also known as tetraplegia, leads to loss of motor and sensory functions in all four limbs, making it distinct from other conditions.

Paraplegia, on the other hand, refers specifically to paralysis that affects only the lower limbs and is the result of spinal cord injury or disease affecting the thoracic or lumbar regions. Aphasia is a communication disorder affecting speech and language abilities, while multiple sclerosis is a neurological condition that can cause a range of symptoms including muscle weakness, but it does not necessarily lead to total paralysis of all limbs.

Therefore, quadriplegia is accurately identified as the condition linked to total paralysis of both the upper and lower limbs.