Which condition results from decreased blood flow to the brain?

The condition that results from decreased blood flow to the brain is a cerebrovascular accident, commonly known as a stroke. Strokes occur when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting the necessary oxygen and nutrients. When brain cells are deprived of blood flow for even a short period, they begin to die, leading to various neurological impairments and symptoms depending on the area of the brain affected.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is sometimes referred to as a "mini-stroke" because it also involves transient episodes of decreased blood flow to the brain. However, it typically does not result in permanent damage, which differentiates it from a cerebrovascular accident.

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, often due to infection, and is not directly linked to blood flow issues. Likewise, a cerebral contusion refers to a bruise on the brain resulting from trauma, which does not directly involve decreased blood flow.

Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why cerebrovascular accident is the correct answer, as it explicitly signifies a permanent disruption in blood supply to the brain, leading to potential lasting effects.