What type of fracture breaks through stability of the bone without complete dislocation?

The correct answer is the greenstick fracture. A greenstick fracture is characterized by a partial break in the bone, where the bone bends and fractures on one side without breaking completely through to the other side. This type of fracture is often seen in children, whose bones are more flexible.

Greenstick fractures differ from other types of fractures in that they do not fully disrupt the bone's integrity—hence "incomplete fracture" is a related concept, but in medical terminology, "greenstick fracture" is the specific term used to describe this condition.

This type of injury allows the bone to maintain some stability and still functions partially, which is key to its classification. In contrast, other fracture types mentioned, like pathological fractures and stress fractures, typically involve different mechanisms and degrees of bone integrity reduction. Pathological fractures are a result of underlying disease weakening the bone, while stress fractures are due to repetitive forces leading to a small crack.