What term describes the restriction of blood supply that may lead to tissue damage or dysfunction?

The term that best describes the restriction of blood supply, which can cause tissue damage or dysfunction, is ischemia. Ischemia occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of tissues, leading to reduced oxygen levels and nutrient delivery. This can result in cellular injury and, if prolonged, can lead to tissue death.

Infusion refers to the introduction of a substance, typically a fluid, into the body, and does not relate to the restriction of blood supply. Embolism involves the obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign material that has traveled through the bloodstream, while thrombosis refers specifically to the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel. While both embolism and thrombosis can lead to ischemia, they do not define the condition itself. Thus, ischemia is the most accurate term for the restriction of blood supply that results in potential tissue damage or dysfunction.