What surgical procedure involves the removal of the gallbladder?

The surgical procedure that involves the removal of the gallbladder is called cholecystectomy. This operation is commonly performed when a patient has gallstones or gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis). During a cholecystectomy, either the entire gallbladder is removed or the stones are extracted, depending on the specific case. This procedure can be done laparoscopically or through open surgery.

The other procedures listed involve the removal of different organs or tissues. An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix, herniorrhaphy refers to the repair of a hernia, and gastrectomy is the removal of part or all of the stomach. Each of these surgeries addresses other medical conditions and is not related to the gallbladder. Thus, cholecystectomy is the correct answer, as it specifically targets the gallbladder itself.