What is a volvulus?

A volvulus is specifically defined as the twisting of bowel loops, which can lead to a serious obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. When the bowel twists, it can compromise blood flow to that segment of the intestine, resulting in potential tissue death (necrosis) if not addressed promptly. This condition can manifest as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and distension, and it usually requires swift surgical intervention to untwist the affected portion of the bowel and possibly remove any necrotic tissue.

Understanding volvulus is crucial, particularly in inpatient settings, because it can rapidly become a life-threatening situation. It differs significantly from other gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammation of the gallbladder or infections of the colon, which involve different pathophysiological processes. Similarly, while tumors can obstruct the intestines, they do so through a blockage mechanism rather than the physical twisting characteristic of a volvulus.