What does "proximal" refer to in anatomical positioning?

In anatomical terminology, "proximal" is defined as being nearest to the trunk of the body or to a specific point of reference. This term helps describe the relative position of structures or limbs in relation to the body’s central axis or midline. For instance, when considering the arms or legs, a structure that is closer to where the limb attaches to the body (the trunk) is described as proximal.

Understanding this term is critical for accurate medical communication, particularly in contexts such as anatomy, physical assessments, and surgical procedures, where precise location is essential for clarity and safety. Thus, identifying a part of the arm near the shoulder as proximal emphasizes its closeness to the trunk compared to parts farther away, like the hand or fingers.