What does empyema refer to in medical terms?

Empyema specifically refers to the accumulation of pus in a body cavity, most commonly in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. This condition typically arises from an infection that leads to inflammation and pus formation, often as a complication of pneumonia, lung abscesses, or other thoracic infections.

Identifying empyema is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment, which may involve antibiotics, drainage of the pus, or surgical intervention. Understanding this definition helps differentiate empyema from other related conditions. For instance, while fluid in the lungs would refer to pulmonary edema or pleural effusion, air in the pleural cavity describes a pneumothorax, and infection of the pleura indicates pleuritis, which doesn't necessarily imply pus accumulation. This clarity in terminology is essential for accurate diagnosis and coding in medical records.