What condition is characterized by the inability to empty the urinary bladder?

The condition characterized by the inability to empty the urinary bladder is urinary retention. This condition can occur due to various underlying factors, such as obstruction, nerve issues, or muscle problems that prevent the bladder from functioning normally. In urinary retention, a person may feel the urge to urinate but struggles to do so, leading to discomfort and potential complications if not addressed.

Urinary incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine and is distinct from retention, as it involves the inability to hold urine rather than issues with emptying the bladder. Dysuria is the term for painful or difficult urination, which does not specifically indicate an inability to empty the bladder. Cloudy urine is a symptom that can suggest an infection or other medical conditions but does not pertain to bladder emptying capabilities. Thus, urinary retention is the most appropriate term for the scenario described in the question.