What condition is characterized by the benign enlargement of the prostate gland?

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) refers specifically to the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly occurs as men age. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, and as it enlarges, it can compress the urethra, leading to various urinary symptoms such as difficulty starting urination, a weak urine stream, or the need to urinate frequently, especially at night.

In contrast, other conditions listed are unrelated to prostate enlargement. Cryptorchidism involves undescended testicles, which can lead to fertility issues and other complications. Epispadias and hypospadias are congenital conditions affecting the urethra's placement, with epispadias referring to the urethra opening on the top side of the penis, and hypospadias referring to it opening on the underside. Each of these conditions has its own specific clinical implications but does not pertain to the enlargement of the prostate gland.

Thus, BPH is recognized as the correct answer due to its direct correlation with the benign enlargement of the prostate.