What condition is characterized by the progressive deterioration of retinal cells due to aging?

The condition characterized by the progressive deterioration of retinal cells due to aging is macular degeneration. This condition specifically affects the macula, which is the part of the retina responsible for central vision, and leads to a gradual loss of vision. It is most commonly associated with aging and can manifest in two forms: dry and wet macular degeneration. In dry macular degeneration, the retinal cells break down slowly, while wet macular degeneration involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina, which can lead to more rapid vision loss.

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, pertains to a refractive error where distant objects can be seen more clearly than close ones, but it is not primarily an age-related disease impacting retinal cells. Entropion is a condition involving the inward turning of the eyelid, which can cause discomfort and potential damage to the cornea, and chalazion is a cyst that forms in the eyelid due to blocked oil glands. Neither of these conditions is directly related to the aging process of retinal cells.