What condition is characterized by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

The condition that is characterized by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is indeed Diabetes Insipidus. This disorder arises when the body does not produce enough ADH, which is crucial for regulating water retention in the kidneys. When ADH levels are low, the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, resulting in excessive urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia).

In contrast, Diabetes Mellitus, while also related to issues with the body's handling of glucose, does not involve ADH deficiency; rather, it pertains to insulin deficiency or insensitivity. Hyperthyroidism concerns an overproduction of thyroid hormones, whereas Acromegaly is characterized by excessive growth hormone, which is unrelated to ADH levels. Each of these conditions has distinct causes and clinical manifestations, highlighting how Diabetes Insipidus specifically correlates with ADH deficiency.