What condition involves the presence and growth of endometrial tissue in an abnormal location?

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, growing outside its typical location. This condition can lead to significant pain and various reproductive issues as the endometrial-like tissue responds to hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle, just like normal endometrial tissue would. It can be found in various sites within the pelvis, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and even the outer surface of the uterus, as well as other organs in the pelvic region. The symptoms vary widely among individuals, but common complaints include chronic pelvic pain, painful periods, and infertility.

The other conditions listed do not involve the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue. Cervicitis refers to inflammation of the cervix, menorrhagia describes abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, and fibrocystic breast disease involves developmental changes in breast tissue that can cause lumps and discomfort, but none of these conditions are related to the abnormal location and growth of endometrial tissue like endometriosis is.