What condition indicates a significant decrease in urine output compared to fluid intake?

Oliguria refers to a condition characterized by a significant decrease in urine output, typically defined as producing less than 400 milliliters of urine per day in adults. This condition suggests that the body is not eliminating waste efficiently, which can be a sign of underlying medical issues, such as dehydration, kidney impairment, or urinary obstruction. When fluid intake remains normal or high while urine output diminishes, it indicates that the kidneys may not be functioning correctly or that there may be an issue with fluid retention.

In contrast, the other options represent different urinary issues but do not specifically refer to decreased urine output in relation to fluid intake. Enuresis pertains to involuntary urination, commonly known as bedwetting, which does not imply a decrease in urine output but rather a control issue. Hematuria indicates the presence of blood in the urine, which does not itself reflect urine output levels, while polycystic kidney disease is a genetic condition that leads to the formation of cysts in the kidneys but does not directly relate to a significant drop in urine output concerning fluid intake.