What aspect of vision is referred to when light rays are focused irregularly due to shape issues?

The aspect of vision being referred to when light rays are focused irregularly due to shape issues is termed "errors of refraction." This occurs when the eye does not bend (refract) light correctly, leading to images appearing blurred or distorted. Such errors can stem from various structural imperfections in the eye, such as an irregularly shaped cornea (as seen in astigmatism), an overly long or short eyeball (as in myopia or hyperopia), or other variations that affect how light is focused on the retina.

Understanding "errors of refraction" is crucial in the context of vision problems, as this term encompasses the general category of refractive disorders that necessitate corrective lenses or refractive surgery to improve clarity of vision.