What anatomical structure is homologous to the penis in females?

The clitoris is the anatomical structure that is homologous to the penis in females. Both the clitoris and the penis arise from similar embryonic tissues and share a common origin, which illustrates the idea of homology in biological structures. Like the penis, the clitoris is primarily composed of erectile tissue and has a rich nerve supply, making it an essential organ for sexual arousal and pleasure in females.

In understanding the concept of homology, it is pertinent to note that the clitoris and penis serve similar functions in terms of sexual response, despite their different roles in reproduction. The clitoris is not involved in reproduction in the same way that the penis is—the latter serves as a conduit for sperm during sexual intercourse—but the clitoris is integral to female sexual function.

The other options do not represent homologous structures to the penis. The vulva includes various external female genital structures but does not have a direct correspondence to the penis. The ovary and uterus are structures involved in the reproductive system but are not homologous to the penis in terms of their development or function.