A medical condition that involves a surgical incision into the peritoneum is referred to as?

A surgical incision into the peritoneum is genuinely defined as a laparotomy. This procedure involves making a larger incision in the abdominal wall to access the peritoneal cavity, which allows for direct examination and intervention on abdominal organs. It is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various conditions affecting the abdomen.

The other options represent different surgical procedures. Laparoscopy refers to a minimally invasive technique using small incisions and a camera for visualization, while a peritonectomy involves the surgical removal of the peritoneum itself—typically as part of cancer treatment. An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix, which does not encompass an incision specifically into the peritoneum as a stand-alone definition.

Laparotomy is therefore distinctly characterized by its direct access through a large incision, making it the correct answer in this context.